极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 7-24.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1084.2013.00007

• 研究综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

东南极格罗夫山：普里兹造山带中一个典型的泛非期变质地体

刘晓春1 赵越1 胡健民1 刘小汉2 曲玮1   

  1.  
    1中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京 100081；
    2中国科学院青藏高原研究所，北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-06 修回日期:2012-09-26 出版日期:2013-03-30 发布日期:2013-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓春

THE GROVE MOUNTAINS: A TYPICAL PAN-AFRICAN METAMORPHIC TERRANE IN THE PRYDZ BELT, EAST ANTARCTICA

Liu Xiaochun1, Zhao Yue1, Hu Jianmin1, Liu Xiaohan2, Qu Wei1   

  1.  
    1Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
    2Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China  
  • Received:2012-08-06 Revised:2012-09-26 Online:2013-03-30 Published:2013-03-30

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摘要： 提要：距我国中山站以南约400 km的格罗夫山是普里兹造山带向南极内陆的延伸部分，其基底地体由约在920?910 Ma期间侵入的镁铁质－长英质火成岩和少量中元古代的沉积岩构成，这些岩石仅在泛非期（约570?500 Ma）经历了单相变质－构造旋回，因此是一个典型的泛非期变质地体。泛非期高峰变质作用并不象前人所认为的那样仅为中低压麻粒岩相，而是高达770?840?C、1.18?1.40 GPa，并在随后经历了近等温减压（约0.6 GPa）的P-T演化过程。大规模的A型紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩在同造山－后造山阶段侵位，并造成了麻粒岩地体近等压降温的P-T轨迹。这些花岗质岩石是由长期富集地幔的底侵物质（碱性玄武质岩石）经部分溶融而形成的。结合相邻地质体的研究资料，我们认为普里兹造山带可能发育在太古宙－格林维尔期基底地体之上，这些基底地体可能与新元古代（？）盖层卷入到了统一的泛非期造山作用过程。在泛非期造山作用过程中，地壳曾被增厚约达40?50 km，而后又经历了厚约20 km的地壳伸展垮塌和剥蚀。所以，普里兹造山带应代表东冈瓦纳陆块内部由板块缝合作用所形成的一条泛非期碰撞造山带。

关键词: 新元古代基底, 泛非期单相变质-构造旋回, 同造山-后造山岩浆作用, 碰撞造山带, 格罗夫山, 东南极

Abstract: The Grove Mountains, 400 km south of the Chinese Zhongshan Station, are an inland continuation of the Prydz Belt, East Antarctica. The basement terrane of the Grove Mountains consists of voluminous mafic-felsic intrusives of ca. 920-910 Ma and a small amount of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks. This terrane experienced only a single Pan-African (ca. 570-500 Ma) tectonometamorphic cycle and therefore is a typical Pan-African metamorphic terrane in the Prydz Belt. The Pan-African high-grade metamorphism may have reached the peak P-T conditions of 770-840?C and 1.18-1.40 GPa, rather than low- to medium-pressure granulite facies as previously thought. This peak metamorphism was then followed by a near-isothermal decompression of ca. 0.6 GPa. Numerous A-type charnockites and granites intruded in the metamorphic terrane during syn- to post-orogenic episodes, which resulted in a late near-isobaric cooling of the terrane. These granitoids were probably generated by partial melting of the underplating materials (alkaline basaltic rocks) derived from a long-term enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Coupled with the available data from other localities, we infer that the Prydz Belt developed on the Archean-Grenvillian basement terranes. Subsequently, these basement terranes and Neoproterozoic (?) cover sequences may have suffered from the same Pan-African orogenic event. The crust of the Prydz Belt was thickened to ca. 40-50 km, followed by ca. 20 km of exhumation during the Pan-African orogenesis. Accordingly, the Prydz Belt should represent a Pan-African collisional zone as a consequence of the East Gondwana assembly.

Key words: Neoproterozoic basement, single Pan-African tectonometamorphic cycle, syn- to post-orogenic magmatism, collisional zone, Grove Mountains, East Antarctica