极地研究

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Silica oxygen isotope record of core PC10 diatoms from the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica and its application in sedimentology

Duan Weiwu, Li Xuejie, Shen Youlin

1998, 9 (1-English): 1-8.

摘要 ( 1262 )

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51 diatom samples taken from the piston core PC10 in the Bransfield Strait of West Antarctica were determined by using silica oxygen isotope analysis.The diatom-based results reveal that the 753 cm long core PC10 was deposited in the area in the last 112.5 ka B. P., representing 1-5 oxygen isotopic stages and including one incomplete glacial/interglacial cycle and a postglacial period. The sedimentation rate in interglacial period seems to be a little higher than that in glacial, owing to the more terrigenous supply by ice-rafting during the interglacial stages.

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Characteristics of the mineral phase constituents of lacustrine deposits from the Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica and their environmental implication

Peng Wenshi, Zheng Honghan, Wang Guanxin

1998, 9 (1-English): 9-18.

摘要 ( 945 )

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Based on analytical data of mineral phase constituents at three sections from Tern Lake, West Lake and Kitezh Lake in the Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica, the characteristics of mineral phase constituents, material source and their environmental implication have been discussed. Research results indicate that lacustrine deposits came primarily from widespread volcanic rocks at the peninsula. Under cold and dry condition in Antarctica, the weathering process of the parent rocks in some area is mainly physical weathering with a weak chemical one. The relation curves of abundance of kaolinite and calcite against deposition age change steeply at the boundary between lacustrine and glacial deposits, indicating that the corresponding environment changes are abrupt, which may be related to different transportation fashion of both different deposits and the protection of glacial deposits.

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A preliminary study on the element strata and palaeoenvironment of core NP95-1 from the Prydz Bay, Antarctica

Gu Senchang, Yan Wen

1998, 9 (1-English): 19-26.

摘要 ( 1074 )

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This paper deals with the characteristics of element geochemistry of the core NP95-1 from the Prydz Bay, Antarctica and its palaeoenvironment implication. The results show that the sediments in this area were greatly affected by dissipation of ice cover, gushing of freshwater and terrigenous materials in the process of deposition, and the elements such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, P, S and C_org in sediments have well recorded the changes of material source resulting from palaeoclimate change and the distribution patterns of these elements correspond to the palaeosedimentary environment of ocean and the variations of palaeoclimate. Climatically five periods can be roughly divided, such as warm, cold, hot, turning cold and turning warm since the late pleistocene. The turning points of temperature, which indicate the changes of climate, lie at 145 cm, 85 cm and 25 cm of the core NP95-1, and the sudden change of element content occurs at 85 cm of the core NP95-1, this layer indicating that an abnormal event happened and marking the beginning of Holocene.

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Comparison of cations recorded in Antarctica and the Qing-hai-Tibetan Plateau ice core by using fuzzy cluster analysis

Duan Keqin, Yao Tandong, Xu Baiqing

1998, 9 (1-English): 27-32.

摘要 ( 1478 )

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A new approach of glacier classification is suggested on the basis of fuzzy cluster analysis of cations in ice cores. Cations in an ice core act as a synthetic index to refelect both the local and the global climate. Fuzzy cluster analysis of long time series data of cations in ice cores from five representative glacial ice cores (from south to north) has been used to create a similarity scale matrix R among these glaciers. Accordingly, any change in R represents a change in environment and climate. This type of analysis can determine the relativity of samples (glaciers) according to a cluster level ( λ ). Fuzzy cluster analysis of cations in ice cores collected from Antarctica and the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau indicates drastic difference between glaciers of these two regions.

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Features of temperature changes at Barrow of Arctic in the last 400 a

Wang Guo, Zhang Qingsong

1998, 9 (1-English): 33-38.

摘要 ( 988 )

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A temperature record from a lake core reveals that it becomes warming at average rate of 0.4 ℃ per century in the past 400 a at Barrow, but it turns cold in the past 200 a. Maximum entropy spectra analysis shows that in the temperature fluctuations there are cycles of 33, 40, 29 a and about 90 a at Barrow. According to statistics and entropy analysis of monthly mean temperature from Barrow Meteorological Observatory in 1921-1994, there are cycles of 4, 6, 14, 16 months and 3, 4, 7, 10 a in the recent temperature change.

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A comparison of climatic change between Svalbard in Arctic and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Kang Shichang, Yao Tandong, Qin Dahe, Yan Yuping

1998, 9 (1-English): 39-48.

摘要 ( 1132 )

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Discussion is focused on the characteristics of climatic change in Svalbard for the last 80 a, there the climate tend to be slightly warming. But the decreasing of temperature is an abnormal phenomenon in the background of global temperature increasing since the mid-1970s in Svalbard. By analysis of temperature and precipitation at key stations in the last 40 a, it is concluded that in climatic change Svalbard may be compared with the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, though there are differences that are caused by other factors.

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Psychological selection methods for winter-over members of the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition

Xue Zuohong, Zhang Yan

1998, 9 (1-English): 49-58.

摘要 ( 1526 )

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This is the first study on the psychological selection of winter over members of the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The methods include EPQ, BPQ, 16PF, Self-reported Questionnaire, test of level of stress and direct observation of behavior. According to the results of the 54 winter over candidates of the ⅩⅢ and ⅩⅣTeam, the validity was roughly tested. This research lay a foundation for the future studies in this field.

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Lagoon sediments geochemistry and its significance in study of climatic and environmental changes in Barrow, Alaska

Yang Weili, Zhang Qingsong, Wang Guo

1998, 9 (1-English): 59-65.

摘要 ( 1105 )

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This paper deals with the features and distribution of chemical elements in the Borecore AB-67 (60 cm long, it covered a time span of past 450 a) from Elson Lagoon in Barrow, Arctic Alaska. The analysing data show that concentration of major elements,trace elements, rare and rare-earth elements are quite different between the upper part (0-20 cm) and the lower part (20-60 cm). And the correlation between contents of clay and organic material and concentration of chemical elements are discussed. Based on the characters of sediment geochemistry of Borecore AB-67,the history of climatic and environmental changes in Barrow in the past 450 a can be reconstracted as follows: 1) Relatively cold and dry with low sea level stage occurred prior to 1740 A. D.; 2) It was becoming warm accompanied by transgression from 1740 A. D. to 1827 A.D.; 3) From 1827 A. D. to 1994 A. D.(0-20 cm), it was fluctuated warming accompanied by continuous transgression,in this period relatively cold appeared around 1935 A. D. and 1969 A. D..

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The amount of hydrocarbon bacteria in the Great Wall Bay and its adjacent area

Yuan Junfeng, Li Yongqi, Chen Haowen, Wu Baolin

1998, 9 (1-English): 66-70.

摘要 ( 1102 )

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During the summer of Antarctic in 1993/1994, the species and amount of hydrocarbon bacteria of the Great Wall Bay and its adjacent sea area have been studied. Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Kurthia and Actinetobacter have been identified. The number of them varied from 3 cell/L to 1100 cell/L. The number in the inner bay is larger than that out of it. The dispersing is a very important way of the changing of hydrocarbon bacteria.

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A survey of SO₂, NO₂ and NH₃ concentrations in atmosphere at high latitudes and in Arctic

Chen Letian, Tong Yuqin, Fang Jingyun

1998, 9 (1-English): 71-74.

摘要 ( 784 )

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Simple passive diffusive samplers were used for the determination of SO₂, NO₂ and NH₃ in atmosphere from three stations at high latitudes and in Arctic area. The concentrations of SO₂, NO₂ and NH₃ were found to be below 1.0, 0.3 and 2.0 μg/m³ respectively. These values were obtained with sampling periods of 5-10 d. These preliminary data suggest that SO₂, NO₂ concentrations should be lower 2 order of magnitude than those of Beijing area, and an order of magnitude than those of other areas with less pollution in China.

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Chlorinated hydrocarbons in animal tissue samples from the Arctic Area

Chu Shaogang, Fang Jingyun, He Yi, Fu Shan, Xu Xiaobai

1998, 9 (1-English): 75-78.

摘要 ( 968 )

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This study presents our preliminary results of the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in muscle, liver of caribou and intestine tissues of seal collected from the Arctic Area by China Arctic Scientific Expedition in April 1995. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (α, β, γ and δ-HCH), DDT group (p, P′-DDE, o, P′-DDT, p, P′-DDD and p, P′-DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed. The concentrations of ∑HCH ranged from 3.13 ng/g to 7.02 ng/g and those of ∑DDT ranged from 0.16 ng/g to 1.28 ng/g. 14 individual PCB congeners, each in the range of 0.01-0.12 ng/g, were detected and the concentration of ∑PCB was from 0.14 ng/g to 0.60 ng/g. Also, the results were compared with the data reported previously.

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