极地研究 ›› 1998, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 15-23.

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极Svalbard群岛Longyearbyen地区雪坑主要阴、阳离子特征研究

康世昌;秦大河;任贾文;YngvarGjessing   

  • 出版日期:1998-09-30 发布日期:1998-09-30

CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR ION CONCENTRATIONS IN SNOWPITS IN LONGYEARBYEN, SVALBARD, ARCTIC

  • Online:1998-09-30 Published:1998-09-30

摘要:

北极Svalbard群岛Longyearbyen地区3条冰川8个雪坑样品的分析结果表明,该地区冰川表层雪中海盐离子Cl-和Na+占主导地位,其浓度远高于其它离子,而陆源Ca2+在雪坑秋季污化层中浓度远远高于其它层位,可作为雪坑定年中秋季层位的标志。在季节变化上,海盐离子和SO2-4、NO-3在春季和夏季表现为高值,这与冬春季节北大西洋风暴和中纬度人类污染物远距离传输到北极有关,也与夏季局地海洋性气团、大气中氧化作用、光电作用和清除速率有关。同全球的边远地区格陵兰、南极和青藏高原比较,Longyearbyen地区雪中离子浓度水平较高,特别是海盐离子浓度远高于其它地区。

关键词: 北极,雪坑,离子浓度,季节变化,物质来源

Abstract:

Snowpits samples were collected from three glaciers in the Longyearbyen region, Svalbard. By the analysis of samples, it is showed that Cl - and Na + which mainly from sea salt are dominated among soluble impurities in snowpits, and their concentrations are far higher than others. Ca 2+ which mainly comes from continent has highest concentrations in dirty layer of snowpits which were formed in autumn. Then snowpits have been dated by high values of Ca 2+ concentrations and δ 18 O, which represent autumn and summer layer, respectively. Seasonal variations in concentrations of sea salt ions, SO 2- 4and NO - 3 have been identified. Results indicate that concentrations of sea salt ions and SO 2- 4and NO - 3 show high value in spring, resulting from long range transport of marine aerosol from north Atlantic storms and mid latitude anthropogenic pollution, respectively. Also concentrations of sea salt ions and SO 2- 4 , NO - 3 show high value in summer. High concentrations of sea salt ions in summer are contributed by local marine aerosol, SO 2- 4 reflect local marine aerosol, high scavenging ratios and oxidation of marine biogenic emissions, NO - 3 may reflect lighting in atmosphere and high scavenging ratios. By comparing ions concentrations between in Longyearbyen and other remote regions, such as Greenland, Antarctic and Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, it is showed that ion concentration in snowpits is higher in Longyearbyen than other regions, especially for concentrations of sea salt ions.