关键词: 南极,长城站,个性,心理特点,适应能力

Abstract:

This paper reported a study on the psychological adjustments and changes of the winter over members of the Antarctic Great Wall Station in the extreme environment and long term isolation.The data was obtained through some personality questionnaires,psychological characteristics assessments and behavior observations. The results showed that during the later phase of the winter over,all the members experienced more mood disturbance and attention difficulties,though a few were more serious than the others.The average scores of Cattell's 16 Personality Facters Questionnaires fall around the mean for most of the members,and even higher for some of them compared to their scores obtained in the beginning of the winter over.There was no obvious change in their scores for the sub scores of Eysenck Personality Questionnaires.After one year' stay in Antarctica,all the members exhibited more extrocontrol and less introcontrol. The results of the psychological characteristics assessment showed that while the members' Distinguish Reaction Time and Choice Reaction Time remained the same,their Simple Reaction Time was obviously longer. Their memory abilities improved rather than degenerated. The flexibility of their higher nervous activities was a little bit lower. These results have important theoretical and empirical significance in improving the physical and mental health of a group in extreme environment of Antarctica,as well as in effectively selecting group members working in Antarctica.

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