极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 821-829.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

极地冰区围油栏数值模拟研究

张笛1,3,4, 刘荣1,2,3,4, 吴达1,2,3 , 刘维勤5, 王彪6

  

  1. 1水路交通控制全国重点实验室(武汉理工大学), 湖北 武汉 430063;
    2武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430063;
    3武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430063;
    4武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430063;
    5武汉理工大学船海与能源动力工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430063;
    6上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-04 修回日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2025-12-30 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 吴达
  • 基金资助:
    国家工信部项目和国家自然科学基金项目资助

Numerical simulation study of oil containment by booms in the polar ice area

ZHANG Di 1,3,4, LIU Rong 1,2,3,4, WU Da1,2,3, LIU Weiqin5, WANG Biao6   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
    2 Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
    3 National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
    4 School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
    5 School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan 430063, China;
    6 Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
  • Received:2024-02-04 Revised:2024-05-24 Online:2025-12-30 Published:2026-01-12

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摘要：

随着极地油气资源开发和石油运输活动的不断增加, 船舶溢油事故的风险也随之增大, 围油栏受海冰影响导致拦油失效的情况时有发生。为保障冰区船舶航行安全和保护脆弱的极地生态环境, 本文针对冰区溢油场景, 应用流体体积分数方法和Realizable k-ε湍流模型, 开展了冰区围油栏拦油数值仿真实验, 系统分析了围油栏的型深、布局方式、水流流速和溢油黏度等因素对于拦油效果的影响。结果表明: (1)随着围油栏型深的增加, 由于拦油有效面积增大, 拦油成功率基本呈现线性增长趋势, 发生初始油滴夹带失效的时间延长, 围油栏拦油效果更好; (2)随着围油栏和冰层相对距离的增大, 由于边界层效应对流体的作用减小, 拦油成功率基本呈现线性增长趋势, 发生初始油滴夹带失效的时间也随之延长, 围油栏拦油效果更好; (3)随着水流速度的增加, 由于流体动能增大, 拦油成功率基本呈现线性减小趋势, 发生初始油滴夹带失效的时间呈递减趋势, 围油栏拦油效果变差; (4)随着溢油黏度的增加, 拦油成功率呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。以上结果不仅可为深入了解围油栏在海冰影响下的拦油过程提供理论依据, 还可为冰区船舶溢油事故应急人员提供决策支持。


关键词: 极地冰区, 船舶溢油, 围油栏, VOF方法, 数值模拟

Abstract: With the intensified development of oil and gas resources and increasing oil transportation activities in the polar regions, the risk of oil spill accidents from ships has also increased. However, oil containment booms often fail in sea ice areas. To ensure navigation safety in sea ice areas and protect the fragile polar environment, this paper reports results of numerical experiments of oil containment by booms in ice-covered waters using the volume of fluid (VOF) and the Realizable k-ε turbulence model. Using different oil spill scenarios, the influence of factors such as boom depth, layout, water flow rate, and oil viscosity on containment was analyzed. The results show that: (1) with the increase of boom depth, the effective area of oil containment increases. The success rate of containment increases linearly with h. The time to entrainment failure increases and containment is more effective. (2) As the relative distance between the boom and the ice cover increases, the effect of the boundary layer on the fluid decreases. Oil droplets form. The success rate of containment increases linearly with D. The time to entrainment failure also increases, augmenting containment effectiveness. (3) As the water flow velocity increases, fluid kinetic energy also increases. The success rate of containment decreases linearly with u. The time to entrainment failure decreases and containment becomes less effective. (4) As the viscosity of the oil increases, the success rate of oil containment initially increases and then decreases. These results contribute to improving our understanding of oil containment by booms in the vicinity of sea ice, thereby providing information to support emergency responders in making decisions when addressing oil spill accidents in ice-covered waters.

Key words: polar ice area, oil spill from ships, oil boom, VOF method, numerical simulation