极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 800-813.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240003

所属学科：极地信息工程与技术

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

“雪龙”号侧向碎冰阻力数值模拟研究

彭栋1, 窦晓亮2, 黄嵘3, 赵炎平3, 王译鹤1,3   

  1. 1浙江大学海洋学院, 浙江 杭州 316021;
    2中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院, 上海 200011;
    3中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所), 破冰船研究院, 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08 修回日期:2024-04-03 出版日期:2025-12-30 发布日期:2026-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 王译鹤

Numerical Simulation study of icebreaker R/V Xuelong’s resistance to lateral pressure in broken ice fields

PENG Dong1, DOU Xiaoliang2, HUANG Rong3, ZHAO Yanping3, WANG Yihe1,3   

  1. 1Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 316021, China;
    2Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China;
    3Icebreaker Research Institute, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2024-01-08 Revised:2024-04-03 Online:2025-12-30 Published:2026-01-12

PDF (PC)

99

摘要： “雪龙”号极地破冰科考船是我国极地科学考察的重要平台, 也是我国极地投送能力的重要组成部分。极地科学考察现场作业中往往需要依托“雪龙”号船身来阻隔海面漂流的破碎冰场, 以便在船侧形成无浮冰的开阔海域进行现场作业, 而在此作业中, 目前“雪龙”号需要承受的冰阻力往往需要基于操船人员的现场经验来预估或者判断, 缺乏相关的理论支撑与量化依据。为此, 本文基于刚体动力学理论与混合补偿问题的求解, 研发构建了船舶与破碎海冰相互作用过程与相应冰阻力非光滑离散单元法高效数值模拟模型, 以探索不同参数下“雪龙”号船侧海冰堆积由发展到稳定的演化过程, 以及与之对应的船身侧向冰阻力逐步增大到稳定的演化过程。模拟研究结果表明: (1)冰阻力和船侧海冰堆积规模随着海冰摩擦系数、海冰密集度和海冰相对速度等的增大而整体呈现上升趋势; (2)当上述参数由0.05、0.2、0.5 m·s−1变为0.15、0.4、1.5 m·s−1时, 冰阻力由948.5 kN增大至6102.3 kN, 对冰阻力影响的显著性由大到小依次为海冰相对速度、海冰密集度、海冰摩擦系数。本研究不仅可为“雪龙”号极地冰区阻隔漂流破碎冰场作业冰阻力评估与预判提供理论依据, 也可为作业场所选择和作业安全保障提供技术支撑。

关键词: “雪龙”号, 侧向碎冰阻力, 数值模拟, 极区

Abstract: The polar icebreaker R/V Xuelong is an important platform for China’s polar scientific expeditions as well as China’s ability to deliver its projects in the polar regions. To facilitate scientific operations, the hull of R/V Xuelong is often oriented to create an area of open water—free of floes from the surrounding broken ice field—on one side of the ship. Currently, R/V Xuelong’s resistance to lateral pressure is often assessed on the basis of the experience of the ship operator without relevant theoretical or quantitative support. Against this backdrop, the present study uses the nonsmooth discrete element approach and develops an efficient numerical model based on the theory of rigid body dynamics and mixed compensation problems to simulate interactions between the ship and broken sea ice fields as well as the corresponding resistance to ice. Ice accumulation along the side of R/V Xuelong and corresponding increases in lateral pressure under different conditions were investigated. The simulation results indicate that: (1) the scale of ice accumulation and pressure along the hull is positively correlated with the sea ice friction coefficient, ice concentration, and relative ice speed; (2) ice resistance increased from 948.5 to 6102.3 kN as relative velocity was adjusted from 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 m·s−1 to 0.15, 0.4, 1.5 m·s−1. Ice resistance is the most strongly impacted by relative ice velocity; it is less impacted by ice concentration and the least impacted by the ice friction coefficient. This study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating and predicting R/V Xuelong’s resistance to lateral pressure during on-site operations in the polar regions, as well as offering technical support for the selection of operation sites and for ensuring the safety of operations.

Key words: R/V Xuelong, lateral pressure to broken ice, numerical simulation, polar regions