极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 278-291.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210064

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极中山站风的长期变化特征及其可能原因

武维刚1  张文千2  武麦凤3  马靖凯4  凌新锋5   

  1. 1华山气象站, 陕西 华阴 714200; 
    2中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081; 
    3渭南市气象局, 陕西 渭南 714000; 
    4国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081; 
    5寿县气象局, 安徽 寿县 232200
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-27 修回日期:2021-08-27 出版日期:2022-09-28 发布日期:2022-09-28
  • 作者简介:武维刚, 男, 1990年生。工程师, 主要从事气候诊断分析及旅游气象服务研究。E-mail: wwgang417@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室面上项目(2021k-4)资助

Characteristics and possible causes of long-term wind field variation at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica

Wu Weigang1, Zhang Wenqian2, Wu Maifeng3, Ma Jingkai4, Ling Xinfeng5   

  1. 1Huashan Meteorological Station, Huayin 714200, China; 
    2Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 
    3Weinan Meteorological Bureau, Weinan 714000, China;
    4National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China; 
    5Shouxian Meteorological Bureau, Shouxian 232200, China

  • Received:2021-07-27 Revised:2021-08-27 Online:2022-09-28 Published:2022-09-28

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摘要： 利用1989—2020年南极中山站地面气象观测数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 分析了风的变化特征及其趋势, 并对风速减小的原因进行了探讨。结果表明(1)中山站风速存在明显的季节差异, 冬季风速最大, 秋季次之, 夏季最小，风速日变化呈单峰单谷型, 峰值出现在凌晨5时, 谷值出现在15时，春季和夏季风速具有明显的日变化特征, 秋季和冬季风速日变化不明显; (2)中山站近31年的风速、下降风频数和大风日数均呈减小趋势, 四季中夏季减小趋势最大，风矢量分解后显示, 南风分量减小速率显著大于其他风分量, 西风和北风变化趋势不显著, 东风分量仅在夏季减小趋势显著; (3)中山站年平均风速的减小主要是由中大风和大风日数减少造成的。从大气环流的变化来看, 中山站南部极地冷高压和北部南印度洋绕极低压带强度减弱, 导致高、低压之间气压梯度减小, 造成中山站风速减小。

关键词: 南极, 中山站, 风速, 长期变化特征

Abstract: Using on-the-ground meteorological measurements and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1989 to 2020, we examined changes in wind speed and direction at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica and the mechanisms underlying observed changes. Our findings are as follows: (1) There are clear seasonal variations in wind speed at Zhongshan Station. The wind speed is the highest in winter, second highest in autumn, and the lowest in summer. During the day, wind speed reaches its maximum value at 5 am local time, and its minimum value at 3 pm; there is a single maximum and a single minimum per day. Diurnal variations are large in spring and summer, but small in autumn and winter. (2) Wind speed and frequency of katabatic wind and gale days at Zhongshan Station have decreased over the past 31 years. The rate of decrease is the highest in summer. Results from wind vector decomposition show that the rate of decrease of the southerly winds is significantly higher than the rates of decrease of winds in other directions. The trends of the westerly and northerly winds are not significant. The negative trend of the easterly winds is only significant in summer. (3) The decrease of annual mean wind speed at Zhongshan Station is mainly caused by the decrease in moderate gale and gale days. The changes observed at Zhongshan Station are related to changes in the atmospheric circulation. The weakening of the cold polar high to the south of Zhongshan Station and of the extreme low in the north of the southern Indian Ocean result in a decrease in the pressure gradient and reduced wind speeds at Zhongshan Station.

Key words: Antarctica, Zhongshan Station, wind speed, variation in long-term