南极拜尔斯半岛企鹅粪土沉积物元素地球化学特征

doi:10.13679/j.jdyj.2014.2.201

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要拜尔斯（Byers）半岛位于南极利文斯顿岛（Livingstone Island）最西部，是南设得兰群岛中最大的无冰区。本文对采自拜尔斯半岛的一根长55cm的企鹅粪土沉积柱P1进行了元素和同位素地球化学分析。通过对沉积物C/N比、有机质来源和δ15N的分析，发现P1沉积剖面中有机质主要来源于企鹅粪。利用富集系数、相关性分析、主成分分析等统计分析方法，识别出该沉积物中P、F、Cu、Hg、As、S六种元素具有共同的来源，与企鹅粪的输入密切相关，并且这些元素与TOC和δ15N显著正相关，说明沉积剖面中这些元素含量主要受控于企鹅粪的输入程度。通过与长城站区阿德雷岛、东南极戴维斯站加德纳岛企鹅粪土沉积物的标型元素特征比较，发现上述三个地区的标型元素组合大体上一致，反映了整个南极地区企鹅粪土沉积物生物标型元素组合的共性，但同时各个地区的企鹅粪土沉积物标型元素也有小的差异，这可能与不同地区基岩和风化土壤背景值、风化程度以及企鹅的食物等存在差异有关。研究结果为进一步恢复该地区的企鹅种群数量变化及其对气候变化的响应提供了可能。

关键词: 南极拜尔斯半岛, 企鹅粪土沉积物, 元素地球化学, 生物标型元素

Abstract: Abstract Byers Peninsula, which is located at the western end of Livingston Island, is the largest ice-free area among South Shetland Islands. We collected a 55cm long sediment core (named P1) influenced by penguin droppings, and carried out deep analyses including the chemical element contents and isotopic geochemical characteristics for this sediment profile. According to the analysis on C/N, sources of organic matter, and δ15N in the sediment profile, we found that the organic matter in P1 sediments mainly originated from the input of penguin guano. Using enrichment factors, correlation analysis, PCA component analysis and other Statistical analysis methods, the P, F, Cu, Hg, As, S were identified to have the common source from the penguin droppings. The contents of these elements in the sediment profile of P1 have significant positive correlation with TOC and δ15N, reflecting that they were controlled by the relative change of penguin guano’s input level in the sediments. Our results were compared with the bio-element assemblage in the ornithogenic sediments from the Ardley Island around Great Wall Station, and the Gardner Island around Davis Station, East Antarctic, and we found that the bio-element assemblage of these three different areas are basically consistent, indicating that the biomarkers of elements in the penguin ornithogenic sediment might be almost identical throughout the entire Antarctic area, but there were also some slight differences, this may be related to the differences of bedrock and weathered soil background, the degree of weathering, as well as the types of penguin food. Our results provide the foundation for reconstructing the historical penguin population changes in this region and its possible response to climate change.

Key words: Byers Peninsula, Antarctic, penguin ornithogenic sediments, geochemistry, bio-element assemblage

马小荣聂亚光刘晓东孙立广. 南极拜尔斯半岛企鹅粪土沉积物元素地球化学特征[J]. 极地研究, 2014, 26(2): 201-211.

Ma Xiaorong, Nie Yaguang, Liu Xiaodong, Sun Liguang. GEOCHEMISTRY OF PENGUIN ORNITHOGENIC SEDIMENT FROM BYERS PENINSULA, ANTARCTIC[J]. ADVANCES IN POLAR SCIENCE, 2014, 26(2): 201-211.

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