极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 336-341.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.2014.2.336

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极长城站能见度变化分析

杨清华1  于乐江2  魏立新1  张本正3  孟上1   

  1. 1国家海洋环境预报中心，北京100081； 2南京信息工程大学，江苏 南京 210044；武汉市气象局，湖北 武汉430040
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-27 修回日期:2013-07-08 出版日期:2014-09-30 发布日期:2014-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 杨清华

ANALYSIS OF VISIBILITY VARIATION AT GREAT WALL STATION, ANTARCTICA

YANG Qinghua1, YU Lejiang2, WEI Lixin1, ZHANG Benzheng3, MENG Shang1   

  1.  
    1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;
    2Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
    3Wuhan Meteorological Service, Wuhan 430040, China
  • Received:2013-03-27 Revised:2013-07-08 Online:2014-09-30 Published:2014-09-30
  • Contact: Yang Qinghua

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摘要： 利用南极长城站1986—2012年能见度人工观测资料，分析了能见度的变化特征和趋势。结果显示，高于10 km能见度出现频率为61.0 %，低于1 km的频率为8.0 %。11—3月能见度较好， 6—10月能见度较差；海雾和降水是夏季能见度降低的主要原因，冬季则主要归因于频繁的降雪、吹雪或雪暴等灾害性天气。＜10 km能见度发生频数有显著减小倾向，＞10 km能见度呈上升趋势，且冬季的上升速度最快，大雾、吹雪和降雪减少是主导冬季能见度升高趋势的重要因素。长城站能见度显著的天气尺度周期为2.1—8.3 d，年际变化周期为2 a、4.1 a和6.9—8.2 a，又以4.1 a最为显著。2012年开展的能见度自动观测实验表明，20 km范围内的自动观测精度较高，适用于长城站的连续监测。

关键词: 南极长城站, 能见度变化, 周期

Abstract: Visibility variations at Great Wall station (GWS) were investigated using manual observation data collected from 1986 to 2012. High visibility (≥10 km) and low visibility (0–1 km) accounted for 61.0% and 8.0% of records, respectively. The visibility at GWS showed clear seasonal variation with best visibility in November–March and worst visibility in June–October. Sea fog and precipitation were the main causes of low visibility in summer, while frequent severe weather including heavy snowfall, blowing snow, and blizzards were responsible for low visibility in winter. The frequency of low visibility decreased significantly from 1986 to 2012, and the annual and four-season average visibilities all followed a significant trend towards higher visibility, which was strongest for winter. Less frequent fog, blowing snow, and snowfall events contributed to the trend towards higher winter visibility. Variation in visibility at GWS was significant at synoptic (2.1–8.3 days), annual, and inter-annual scales (2 years, 4.1 years and 6.9–8.2 years), with the most significant variability at an inter-annual scale of 4.1 years. Automatic observation of visibility was carried out in 2012, and the results showed that automatic observation could be effective for the future continuous monitoring of visibility at GWS.

Key words: Antarctica, Great Wall station, visibility, variation, period