极地研究

极地研究

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Global distributions of storm-time ionospheric currents as seen in geomagnetic field variations

Atsuki Shinbori1*, Tomoaki Hori2, Yoshimasa Tanaka3, Yukinobu Koyama4, Takashi Kikuchi1,2 & Tsutomu Nagatsuma5   

  1.  
    1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
    2 Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8614, Japan;
    3 National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
    4 Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashi- rakawa-Oiwake Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
    5 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0015, Japan
  • 出版日期:1963-12-30 发布日期:1963-12-30

Global distributions of storm-time ionospheric currents as seen in geomagnetic field variations

Atsuki Shinbori1*, Tomoaki Hori2, Yoshimasa Tanaka3, Yukinobu Koyama4, Takashi Kikuchi1,2 & Tsutomu Nagatsuma5   

  1.  
    1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
    2 Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furou-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8614, Japan;
    3 National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan;
    4 Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space Magnetism, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashi- rakawa-Oiwake Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
    5 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukuikitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0015, Japan
  • Online:1963-12-30 Published:1963-12-30

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摘要： To investigate temporal and spatial evolution of global geomagnetic field variations from high-latitude to the equator during geomagnetic storms, we analyzed ground geomagnetic field disturbances from high latitudes to the magnetic equator. The daytime ionospheric equivalent current during the storm main phase showed that twin-vortex ionospheric currents driven by the Region 1 field-aligned currents (R1 FACs) are intensified significantly and expand to the low-latitude region of ~30° magnetic latitude. Centers of the currents were located around 70° and 65° in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Corresponding to intensification of the R1 FACs, an enhancement of the eastward/westward equatorial electrojet occurred at the daytime/nighttime dip equator. This signature suggests that the enhanced convection electric field penetrates to both the daytime and nighttime equator. During the recovery phase, the daytime equivalent current showed that two new pairs of twin vortices, which are different from two-cell ionospheric currents driven by the R1 FACs, appear in the polar cap and mid latitude. The former led to enhanced northward Bz (NBZ) FACs driven by lobe reconnection tailward of the cusps, owing to the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The latter was generated by enhanced Region 2 field-aligned currents (R2 FACs). Associated with these magnetic field variations in the mid-latitudes and polar cap, the equatorial magnetic field variation showed a strongly negative signature, produced by the westward equatorial electrojet current caused by the dusk-to-dawn electric field.

关键词: solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic storm, convection electric field, field-aligned currents, equatorial electrojet, NBZ FAC system

Abstract: To investigate temporal and spatial evolution of global geomagnetic field variations from high-latitude to the equator during geomagnetic storms, we analyzed ground geomagnetic field disturbances from high latitudes to the magnetic equator. The daytime ionospheric equivalent current during the storm main phase showed that twin-vortex ionospheric currents driven by the Region 1 field-aligned currents (R1 FACs) are intensified significantly and expand to the low-latitude region of ~30° magnetic latitude. Centers of the currents were located around 70° and 65° in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Corresponding to intensification of the R1 FACs, an enhancement of the eastward/westward equatorial electrojet occurred at the daytime/nighttime dip equator. This signature suggests that the enhanced convection electric field penetrates to both the daytime and nighttime equator. During the recovery phase, the daytime equivalent current showed that two new pairs of twin vortices, which are different from two-cell ionospheric currents driven by the R1 FACs, appear in the polar cap and mid latitude. The former led to enhanced northward Bz (NBZ) FACs driven by lobe reconnection tailward of the cusps, owing to the northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The latter was generated by enhanced Region 2 field-aligned currents (R2 FACs). Associated with these magnetic field variations in the mid-latitudes and polar cap, the equatorial magnetic field variation showed a strongly negative signature, produced by the westward equatorial electrojet current caused by the dusk-to-dawn electric field.

Key words: solar wind, interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic storm, convection electric field, field-aligned currents, equatorial electrojet, NBZ FAC system