极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 253-264.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20250079

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

上行高能离子事件发生时的极区磁场变化情况

葛攀泽1, 成巍2, 徐晓军1, 李汇军3, 郭兵2, 吕佳锟2   

  1. 1澳门科技大学月球与行星科学国家重点实验室, 澳门 999078;
    2北京应用气象研究所, 北京 100029;
    3南京航空航天大学临近空间环境实验室, 江苏 南京 210019
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17 修回日期:2026-03-25 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 成巍
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金、青年科学基金和国家重点研发计划资助

Magnetic field disturbance in the polar region during the upstream energetic ion event

GE Panze1, CHENG Wei2, XU Xiaojun1, LI Huijun3, GUO Bing2, LYU Jiakun2   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, China;
    2Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, China;
    3Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Academy of Astronautics, Nanjing 210019, China
  • Received:2025-11-17 Revised:2026-03-25 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-07-13

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摘要：

2018年1月14日, 位于地球弓激波外的MMS4卫星观测到一起上行高能离子事件, 高能离子从弓激波沿着行星际磁场向太阳方向运动。本文利用电离层等效电流法分析了上行离子事件发生时地球极区的磁场变化情况。结论如下: 上行高能离子事件发生前, 极区磁场扰动剧烈, 二者间有数小时的延迟; 上行高能离子事件发生前, 电离层电流扰动日侧存在明显增强的负电流涡旋, 无旋分量电流从日侧流向夜侧; 极区电离层电流的活跃为氧离子的加速提供能量, 使其成为高能氧离子, 高能氧离子进一步外流出磁层, 到达弓激波, 最后沿行星际磁场上行。上行高能离子会对未来的外太空载人航天活动产生影响, 本研究为未来上行离子事件的预报工作提供了思路。


关键词: 上行高能离子, 极区磁场, 电离层等效电流

Abstract:

On January 14, 2018, the MMS4 satellite located outside the Earth’s bow shock observed an upstream energetic ion event, during which energetic ions moved from the bow shock along the interplanetary magnetic field toward the Sun. This study analyzes the changes in the Earth’s polar magnetic field during the upstream ion event using the ionospheric equivalent current method. The conclusions are as follows: Before the occurrence of the upstream energetic ion event, the polar magnetic field exhibited intense disturbances, with a delay of several hours between the two. Prior to the event, the ionospheric current disturbances showed a significantly enhanced negative current vortex on the dayside, with curl-free component currents flowing from the dayside to the nightside. The active ionospheric currents in the polar region provided energy for the acceleration of oxygen ions, transforming them into energetic oxygen ions. These energetic oxygen ions subsequently outflowed from the magnetosphere, reached the bow shock, and finally moved upward along the interplanetary magnetic field. Upstream energetic ions may impact future manned space activities in outer space. This study provides insights for the forecasting of future upstream ion events.


Key words: upstream energetic ions, polar magnetic field, ionospheric equivalent current