极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 388-394.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20200055

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极难言岛固定冰年际变化及驱动力分析

孙晓宇1，沈辉1，李春花1，于旭鹏2，汪大立3   

  1. 1国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;
    2国家海洋局极地考察办公室, 北京100860;
    3中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-12 修回日期:2020-09-15 接受日期:2020-09-21 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-10-12
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0605902)，南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE-01-01)

Interannual variation of fast ice on Inexpressible Island and analysis of its driving force

Sun Xiaoyu1 , Shen Hui1 , Li Chunhua1 , Yu Xupeng2 , Wang Dali3   

  1. 1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;
    2Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, Beijing 100860, China;
    3Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
  • Received:2020-07-12 Revised:2020-09-15 Accepted:2020-09-21 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-10-12

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摘要： 通过长时间序列Landsat遥感影像提取难言岛固定冰信息, 获取了2008—2018年夏季固定冰的变化规律。利用曼努埃拉自动气象站(Manuela AWS)同期观测气象数据进行了固定冰变化驱动力分析。结果表明, 难言岛沿岸固定冰在每年11月覆盖范围最大, 12月底至1月初彻底消失, 2月底开始重新生长。通过相关分析可知, 气温升高是固定冰减少的主要驱动力, 日均气温−10℃为固定冰面积增减的临界点, 日均气温稳定在−10℃以上, 固定冰开始减少。固定冰消减期处于年际风力最小时段, 因此, 虽然下降风有助于海冰漂离, 但下降风仅是固定冰减少的次要驱动力。掌握南极科考站区固定冰变化规律, 对于我国南极科学考察工作的行程规划制定和具体工作开展具有重要的意义。

关键词: 难言岛, 固定冰, 气温, 下降风, 驱动力

Abstract:

Long-sequence Landsat remote sensing images were used to extract the fast ice information on Inexpressible Island. Changes in summer fast ice extent were determined for 2008 to 2018. Meteorological data for the same period from Manuela automatic weather station were used to analyze the driving forces of the fast ice changes. The results show that the amount of fast ice reaches its peak in November every year. The fast ice along the coast completely disappears from the end of December to early January and it begins to regenerate at the end of February. The increase in temperature is the main driving force for the reduction of fast ice. A daily average temperature of −10 ±2 ℃ is the critical value for the generation and dissipation of fast ice. When the average daily temperature is stable above −10 ℃, fast ice begins to decrease. Katabatic winds help sea ice drift away but during the period of fast ice reducing katabatic winds are at their weakest for the year, so katabatic winds are only a secondary driving force for the reduction of fast ice. Mastering the causes of interannual variations of fast ice is of great significance for Antarctic scientific research.

Key words: Inexpressible Island, fast ice, temperature, katabatic winds, driving force