极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 456-463.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20180073

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于船舶AIS数据的南极半岛地区人类活动分析

刘奥博1  程晓2,3,4   

  1. 1.北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院, 北京 100875
    2.中山大学测绘科学与技术学院, 广东 珠海 519082
    3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东 珠海 519082
    4.全球变化与中国绿色发展协同创新中心, 北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-26 修回日期:2019-02-22 出版日期:2019-12-30 发布日期:2019-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 程晓
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41830536)资助

Analysis of human activities in the Antarctic Peninsula region based on satellite AIS data

Liu Aobo1, Cheng Xiao2,3,4
  

  1. 1.College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2.School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China;
    3.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China;
    4.Joint Center for Global Change and China Green Development, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2018-12-26 Revised:2019-02-22 Online:2019-12-30 Published:2019-12-30

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摘要： 南极人类活动包括科学考察、渔业捕捞、旅游和探险等。随着活动强度的提升, 脆弱的南极生态环境面临挑战。船舶作为主要载体和交通工具, 其轨迹和密集度直接反映了南极地区人类活动的范围和强度。本研究利用AIS卫星获取的船舶轨迹数据, 对2015年6月—2016年5月南极半岛地区的人类活动进行分析。研究发现, 活跃在南极半岛地区的船只约有426艘, 其主要类型为货轮、渔船和客轮, 船只长度主要分布在50—100 m。船舶活动的季节差异显著, 南极旅游和科考集中在11月至次年3月, 而渔船全年均保持较高的活动水平。根据船舶轨迹的区域热度分析表明, 南极半岛地区最热门的旅游景点是利马尔水道, 而科考站船舶活跃度最高的国家为阿根廷, 其次为智利, 中国排在第7位。

关键词: 南极半岛, 人类活动, 船舶, 卫星AIS

Abstract: Human activities in the Antarctic include scientific investigation, fishing, tourism and exploration. The increasing intensity of human activity presents a challenge to fragile Antarctic ecosystems and environments. Because ships are the main carriers and vehicles of human activities, the trajectory and intensity of these ships directly reflect the scope and intensity of human activities in the Antarctic. This study uses the ship trajectory data obtained by the AIS satellite from June 2015 to May 2016 to perform a theme analysis based on the human activities in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The study found that there are about 426 vessels active in the Antarctic Peninsula region, the main types of which are freighters, fishing boats, passenger ships and sailboats. The length of the vessels is largely between 50 and 100 meters. Seasonal differences in ship activities are significant. Antarctic tourism and scientific research are concentrated in November–March, while fishing vessels maintain a high level of activity throughout the year. According to the analysis of regional traffic intensity, the most popular tourist attraction in the Antarctic Peninsula area is the Lemaire Channel. The number of trips shows a high degree of consistency with the IAATO tourism statistics, so the ship trajectory data can be used as a supplement to the tourism statistics. The analysis of the scientific research activities shows that seven of the ten scientific research stations with the highest ship traffic intensity in the Antarctic Peninsula belong to South American countries. The country with the highest intensity of ship scientific research activity is Argentina, followed by Chile, while China ranks seventh.

Key words: Antarctic Peninsula, human activities, ship, satellite AIS