极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 144-156.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20180039

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

南极阿蒙森海域气象和海况特征分析

秦听1,2  刘健3  魏立新1,2  苏博1,2   

  1. 1. 国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京 100081;
    2. 国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;
    3. 中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-18 修回日期:2018-09-21 出版日期:2019-06-30 发布日期:2019-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 秦听
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC1402703)资助

Analysis of meteorological and sea conditions in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

Qin Ting1,2, Liu Jian3, Wei Lixin1,2, Su Bo1,2   

  • Received:2018-07-18 Revised:2018-09-21 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-06-30
  • Contact: Ting Qin

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摘要：

本文通过比较我国第34次南极科考阿蒙森海航行期间雪龙船观测数据与欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim的风浪数据, 发现两者相关显著, ECMWF数据能较好地反映该区域风浪状况。基于该套数据, 对1979—2017年12—3月阿蒙森海域的海平面气压、海表面10 m风、海浪有效波高基本特征进行分析。结果表明, 中高纬度阿蒙森海域风向呈稳定偏西, 风速大小随纬度增高而减小。各月的平均风速、大风频率和极值风速大小存在差别, 3月较其他月份平均风速和大风频率都偏高, 2月次之, 12—1月最小。海浪有效波高变化特征与风速的纬向性分布以及月差异相对应, 有效波高和巨浪出现频率随纬度的增加而减小。3月份, 57°S—55°S海域平均有效波高最大值达到4 m以上, 该月60°S—55°S区域巨浪频率达35%以上。综合而言, 3月份阿蒙森海域风浪较大, 12—1月风浪状况相对较好。

关键词: 南极科考, 阿蒙森海, 自动气象站, 人工观测, 再分析数据, 气象海况

Abstract:

This study compared automatic weather station data, manual observation of wave height measured by the RV Xuelong, and ERA-Interim data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) dataset collected by China’s 34th Antarctic expedition. The correlation coefficients all reached levels of significance. The ERA-Interim data were chosen to analyze climatological characteristics in the Amundsen Sea, including the average 10-m wind field, mean and extreme significant wave heights, extreme wind speed, and mean sea-level pressure. The results show that wind direction in the Amundsen Sea at the middle and high latitudes was stable westward, and wind speed decreased with an increasing latitude. The average wind speed, frequency of strong winds, and extreme wind speed were variable from month to month. The average wind speed and frequency of strong winds were highest in March, followed by in February, and lowest in December and January. Variations of significant wave height corresponded to zonal wind speed, decreasing with an increasing latitude. Likewise, wave height decreased with an increasing latitude. In March, the average significant wave height at 57°–55°S reached more than 4 m, and the frequency of very rough sea at 60°–55°S exceeded 35%. Overall, wind speed and wave height in the Amundsen Sea were relatively high in March, dropping in December–January.

Key words: Antarctic expedition, Amundsen Sea, automatic weather station, manual observation, reanalysis data, analysis of weather and sea conditions