极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 251-267.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20160048

• 研究综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

北极黄河站生态环境考察与研究进展

何剑锋1,李承森2,姚轶锋2,彭方3,王能飞4,金海燕5,张芳1,马玉欣1,6,张庆华7,那广水8,孙立广9,袁林喜10,贾楠11   

  1. 1. 国家海洋局极地科学重点实验室, 中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136;
    2. 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京100093;
    3. 武汉大学, 湖北 武汉 430072;
    4. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 山东 青岛 266061;
    5. 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所, 浙江 杭州310012;
    6. 上海海洋大学, 上海 200433;
    7. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京100085;
    8. 国家海洋环境监测中心, 辽宁 大连110023;
    9. 中国科学技术大学, 安徽 合肥 230022
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-29 修回日期:2017-12-27 出版日期:2018-09-30 发布日期:2018-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 何剑锋
  • 基金资助:

    南北极环境综合考察与评价专项(CHINARE2016-02-01, CHINARE2016-03-05)和国家自然科学基金(41476168)资助

The progress of ecosystem and environment studies near Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station

He Jianfeng1, Li Chengsen2, Yao Yifeng2, Peng Fang3, Wang Nengfei4, Jin Haiyan5, Zhang Fang1, Ma Yuxin6, Zhang Qinhua7, Na Guangshui8, Sun Liguang9, Yuan Linxi9, Jia Nan9   

  • Received:2016-09-29 Revised:2017-12-27 Online:2018-09-30 Published:2018-09-30

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摘要：

北极黄河站位于北极斯瓦尔巴群岛新奥尔松地区, 是生态系统对全球变化响应监测与研究的理想之地。我国自2004年建站以来, 开展了系统的王湾海域生态断面和陆地植被样方的长期监测与研究, 同时开展了环境污染和鸟类种群变迁等方面的考察与研究。结果表明: 冰川退缩迹地上的物种更替明显, 而范氏藓等可很好地反映该地区同时期的气温变化; 从北极黄河站周边区域的海底沉积物、土壤、湖沉积物和冰川冰碛中分离获得了3个北极新属和21个北极新种, 并发现了部分活性菌株; 王湾海域微型浮游生物存在较高的生物多样性, 其表层水存在潜在氮限制; 微藻对温度有较好的适应性, 具有通过自身调节来适应北极环境变化的能力; 苔原植物对重金属具富集能力, 大气传输是持久性有机污染物(POPs)污染来源的最主要途径; 鸟类方面, 在距今9 400年海鸟就已在该地区生活繁衍, 种群数量存在明显波动并在距今7 650年左右达到最大。未来应坚持监测断面和样方的长期监测, 进一步掌握生物群落的变化趋势; 融合我国在该地区的大气、冰川、样方和海洋监测, 开展大气-冰雪-陆地-海洋相互作用研究, 聚焦科学问题并形成我国在该地区的研究特色。

关键词: letter-spacing: 0.2pt, line-height: 107%">北极, letter-spacing: 0.2pt, line-height: 107%">黄河站, letter-spacing: 0.2pt, line-height: 107%">生态, letter-spacing: 0.2pt, line-height: 107%">环境, letter-spacing: 0.2pt, line-height: 107%">研究进展

Abstract:

The Chinese Yellow River Station in Ny-Ålesund, Arctic Svalbard, is an ideal area for monitoring and studying the response of ecosystems to global change. Since its foundation in 2004, Chinese scientists have established a marine transect in Kongsfjorden and 11 terrestrial vegetation quadrats for monitoring, and projects on pollution and bird population evolution. Key research findings include: (1) species replacement is obvious in areas of glacial retreat, with mosses like Warnstorfia exannulata well reflecting variations in air temperature at the same period; (2) Bacterial strains have been isolated and 3 new genus and 21 new species have been discovered; (3) Kongsfjorden nanoplankton diversity is high, and during summer limited by surface-water nitrogen levels; (4) microalgae is highly adapted to temperature, and, by self-regulation, capable of adapting to environmental change; (5) tundra plants accumulate heavy metals, with atmospheric transmission the main pathway for persistent organic pollutant (POPs) population; and (6) since arriving in Ny-Ålesund 9 400 years ago, bird abundance has fluctuated with the maximum arriving 7 650 year ago. In the coming decades, the monitoring of marine transect and vegetaion quadrats should continue in order to know the trandency of population variations; meanwhile, combine the monitoring of atmosphere, glacier, plants and marine, carry out the study on atmosphere-ice-land-marine interation and form unique research feature.

Key words: Arctic, Yellow River Station, ecosystem, environment, study progress