Seasonal applicability evaluation of boundary layer parameterization schemes in typical regions of the Arctic shipping route based on the Polar-WRF model

To support the construction of a numerical weather prediction system for the Arctic shipping route, Ny-Ålesund, a typical region of the Arctic shipping route, was selected as the study area. Using the Polar-WRF V4.1.1 model, we conducted winter and summer numerical simulations with four planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (MYNN, MYJ, YSU, QNSE). Based on surface automatic weather station observations and radiosonde data in Ny-Ålesund, the applicability of these schemes was evaluated in terms of near-surface meteorological elements and atmospheric vertical structure. The results show significant seasonal differences in simulation performance, with larger discrepancies in near-surface elements than in the vertical structure. The MYNN scheme achieved the highest accuracy in simulating near-surface elements in both seasons, with controllable errors in vertical structure simulation. The YSU and QNSE schemes performed adequately only for certain elements, while the MYJ scheme exhibited the largest overall errors. Thus, the MYNN scheme is recommended for planetary boundary layer and surface layer processes in this region, providing a scientific basis for selecting planetary boundary layer schemes in the Arctic shipping route numerical weather prediction system.