极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 106-121.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20240081

• 研究进展 • 上一篇    

极区自治式潜水器研究现状与发展趋势

贾福鑫1, 杜欢1, 张铁栋1,2,3,4, 姜大鹏1,2,3,4, 雷明1,2,4, 骆婉珍1,2,4   

  1. 1中山大学海洋工程与技术学院, 广东 珠海 519082;
    2广东省深海水声信息技术重点实验室, 广东 珠海 519082;
    3中山大学极地环境立体观测与应用教育部重点实验室, 广东 珠海 519082;
    4南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海), 广东 珠海 519082
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2024-11-14 出版日期:2026-03-31 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 张铁栋
  • 基金资助:
    工信部高技术船舶科研项目\国家自然科学基金项目和广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助

Research status and development trends of polar autonomous underwater vehicle

JIA Fuxin1, DU Huan1, ZHANG Tiedong1,2,3,4, JIANG Dapeng1,2,3,4, LEI Ming1,2,4, LUO Wanzhen1,2,4   

  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2024-11-14 Online:2026-03-31 Published:2026-04-27

摘要： 极区的高纬度、低温、海冰覆盖、多变气候等极端环境, 极大地制约了现场的科学观测, 因此, 研发并应用自治式潜水器(AUV)成为提升极地考察探测能力的重要途径。本文重点分析了极地AUV的发展现状、关键技术和发展趋势, 突出AUV在极区的应用进展, 比较了国内外研究现状, 并探讨了AUV在极区的典型应用场景及其在部署期间的主要挑战。同时, 本文还就关键技术和发展趋势, 重点分析了极地环境下AUV的总体设计及优化、低温防护与能源供给、冰下高精确导航和极地布放与回收等, 展望了推动极区冰下科学探索和资源勘探的未来技术发展方向。以上研究结果, 可为未来极地装备的研制提供一定参考。

关键词: 自主水下机器人, 研究现状与发展趋势, 冰下探测, 极区

Abstract:

The extreme environments of the polar regions, such as high latitudes, low temperatures, sea ice coverage, and variable climates, have greatly constrained scientific observations in the field. Therefore, the development and use of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) have become an essential tool for enhancing the detection capabilities of polar scientific research. This study focused on the current development status, key technologies, and development trends of polar AUV to highlight the progress of AUV applications in the polar region, compares the current status of domestic and international research on polar AUV, and explores typical application scenarios of AUV in the polar region and their main challenges during deployment. This study analyzed the overall design and optimization, cryogenic protection and energy supply, high-precision navigation under ice, and polar deployment and recovery of AUV. Finally, this study summarized the future technological development direction of AUV, which is expected to promote scientific exploration and resource exploration under ice in the polar region, is outlooked. The above results will provide a reference for the future development of future polar equipment.


Key words:

autonomous underwater vehicle, research status and development trends, subglacial exploration, polar regions