极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 494-502.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.20210046

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》经济权益制度性安排与挪威政策

刘涵1,2   

  1. 1上海外国语大学, 上海 200083; 
    2中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136
  • 出版日期:2022-12-31 发布日期:2023-01-12
  • 作者简介:刘涵, 女, 1991年生。博士研究生, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为极地地缘政治。E-mail: liuhan@pric.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国家研发计划重点专项(2019YFC1408205)资助

Institutional arrangements of economic rights and interests in the Spitsbergen Treaty and Norway’s policies

Liu Han1,2   

  1. 1 Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China;
    2 Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
  • Online:2022-12-31 Published:2023-01-12

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摘要： 1920年签订的《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》(以下简称为《斯约》)将斯瓦尔巴群岛(以下简称为斯岛)主权授予挪威, 同时赋予缔约国在斯岛从事捕鱼、狩猎、采矿等经济活动的权利。自《斯约》生效至今, 挪威政府通过制定法律法规, 加强对斯岛经济活动的管理, 逐步实现斯岛土地和重要商业的国有化, 推动挪威公司和公民在斯岛的全方位经济活动, 规划挪威在斯岛的经济发展蓝图。本文试图从历史、政策与实践这三个方面进行解读, 厘清《斯约》经济权益制度性安排和挪威的相关政策, 为我国国民未来在斯岛开展经济活动及其管理提供有益参考。

关键词: 《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》, 经济权益, 挪威, 北极

Abstract: In 1920, the Spitsbergen Treaty granted the sovereignty of Svalbard to Norway and gave the contracting states the rights to engage in economic activities such as fishing, hunting, and mining in Svalbard. Since the Treaty came into force, the Norwegian government has enacted laws and regulations to strengthen the management of economic activities in Svalbard, gradually nationalized the land and important businesses on the island, promoted the general economic activities of Norwegian companies and citizens, and planned its mainland economic development blueprint of Svalbard. This paper attempts to clarify the institutional arrangement of economic rights and interests of the Spitsbergen Treaty and Norway's associated policies from the three perspectives of history, policy, and practice. It also seeks to provide a useful reference for Chinese citizens to potentially carry out economic activities in Svalbard in the future.

Key words: Spitsbergen Treaty, economic rights and interests, Norway, Arctic