极地研究

极地研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 245-255.DOI: 10.13679/j.jdyj.2017.1.245

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

美国南极科研投入的统计分析及其对我国的启示

刘涵  张侠   

  1. 中国极地研究中心, 上海 200136
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-31 修回日期:2016-12-11 出版日期:2017-06-30 发布日期:2017-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 张侠
  • 基金资助:

    南北极环境综合考察与评估专项(CHINARE2016-04-05-01)、国家海洋局极地考察办公室“北极发展与中国参与指标体系构建”(2016)项目资助

Statistical analysis of the United States’ Antarctic scientific research investment and its benefits to China

Liu Han, Zhang Xia   

  • Received:2016-10-31 Revised:2016-12-11 Online:2017-06-30 Published:2017-06-30

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摘要：

近些年来南极科研越来越受到世界各国的重视, 作为《南极条约》的发起者和南极条约体系的管理者, 美国始终站在南极科学研究前沿, 对维护其国际南极事务领导地位有着重要意义。1953—2016年美国国家科学基金资助了7 759个南极科研项目, 通过统计分析对项目投入进行以下4个方面的分析: 南极项目投入、南极科研各学科投入、科研大项目以及合作机构。研究发现: (1)1953年至今, 美国国家科学基金会(NSF)对美国南极科研项目的资助力度和重视力度不断增加,促进了美国南极政策的落实和发展; (2)美国各大科学指导机构出台的前瞻性文件对引领美国南极科考发展方向起到重要作用; (3)NSF充分利用各高等院校和研究机构的资源设施, 搭建科研支撑平台, 与之展开长期南极科研项目合作; (4)NSF重视科研大项目的开展, 这些大项目站在南极科学前沿, 引领美国南极科研更好地发展; (5)NSF通过学校、社会、媒体多个渠道开展南极教育, 增进群众对南极了解并培养科研人员来维护美国在南极的科考领先地位。上述研究发现为中国南极科研政策制定提供了相应的启示。

关键词: 美国国家科学基金会, 南极项目, 科研投入, 后勤投入, 大项目

Abstract:

Recently, an increasing number of countries have been paying great attention to scientific research in the Antarctic. As the initiator of the Antarctic Treaty and the manager of the Antarctic Treaty system, the United States continues to stand at the cutting edge of Antarctic scientific research to maintain its leadership of international Antarctic affairs. From 1953 to 2016, the National Science Foundation supported 7 759 Antarctic scientific research projects. These projects are statistically analyzed and divided into four parts in this study: investment in Antarctic projects, investment in Antarctic scientific research projects, major scientific projects, and cooperative institutions. The analysis resulted in five research findings. (1) Since 1953, the US has continued to increase funding for Antarctic scientific research projects, which highly supported the development and implementation of US Antarctic policy. (2) The strategic documents published by US scientific guidance institutions played a significant role in determining the future direction of US Antarctic scientific research programs.(3) Furthermore, the NSF took full advantage of available resources and facilities of universities and research institutions to establish scientific support platforms in order to launch long-term sustainable Antarctic scientific research cooperation. (4) The NSF also gave priority to major Antarctic scientific research projects, which stand at the forefronts of respective disciplines, thereby helping the US to become one of the top Antarctic scientific powers in the world. (5) The US in turn attached great importance to Antarctic education programs to promote the construction of Antarctic talent teams and cultivate public awareness of the Antarctic. On the basis of the findings above, corresponding policy implications and recommendations related to Chinese Antarctic scientific research are put forward.

Key words: National Science Foundation, the Antarctic projects, scientific research investment, logistics investment, major projects